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Showing posts with label geology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label geology. Show all posts

Thursday, March 7, 2013

Snow, glaciers, and the Elizabeth Islands

Cape_cod_elizabeth_islands


We here in Rhode Island had a mini-blizzard in the middle of February, which dumped two feet of snow. A lot of it melted right away. But some of it remained, in big chunks and drifts on the roadside.

 

 

It melts, bit by bit, and the streets and sidewalks get wider and wider, thank God.

 

 

Have you ever noticed what happens when mounded snow melts? It almost always leaves debris behind, like this:

 

 

Snow

 

 

Flashback to the last Ice Age: the glaciers pushed all kinds of debris (rocks, etc.) out to their limits, and then they receded.

 

 

What did they leave behind?

 

 

Why, Cape Cod and the Elizabeth Islands!

 

 

 

Nyandma_moraines

 

 

Cape Cod and the Elizabeths are the fringe of debris  - the “terminal moraine” – left behind by the last glaciers.

 

 

The last Ice Age left behind all kinds of debris in southern New England: the teardrop-shaped islands in Boston Harbor, the big chunks of stone dropped at random throughout Massachusetts and Connecticut and Rhode Island (“glacial erratics”, and (most especially) the line of debris that created the ridges of Cape Cod and the Elizabeth Islands.

 

 

Debris. What a terrible word. Let’s just call it “landscaping.”


 

Wednesday, August 24, 2011

The Great Earthquake of 2011

Earthquake


I was in a meeting yesterday afternoon when the woman sitting next to me became very still. “My chair is shaking,” she said. “Do you feel anything?”

 

 

We all became still at that point. My knee was resting against the desk in front of me, and I could feel a faint unnatural tremble. Then someone else said, “Look at the plant!” We all turned, and the little potted palm sitting in the corner was trembling like – well, like a leaf.

 

 

Then it stopped. The first person hmphed. “That was an earthquake,” she said. “I really believe that was an earthquake.”

 

 

Indeed it was. We all spent the rest of the day regaling one another with where-were-you? stories. Also, since I love being the first with news of any kind, I kept saying to people, “So did you feel anything half an hour ago?” and was continually delighted when they said, “Nothing. Why?”

 

 

Seriously, as natural disasters go, this was right up there with a light dusting of snow or a half-inch of rainfall. One of my coworkers said her sister in Pittsburgh called her to say that her kitchen cabinets kept opening and closing eerily by themselves. Someone else said she heard the building windows snapping and popping, as if they wanted to bust free from their frames. In the last analysis, though, we all seem to have made it through the experience alive.

 

 

(My favorite earthquake memory is from when I was very small – maybe four years old – out in Washington state. My family and I were all sitting in the living room, and suddenly everything in the place began to bounce and leap around; I fell off the couch, landed on the floor, and just kept bouncing as the floor shook. I remember laughing with glee, as I thought it was great fun, until I realized that everyone else in the room was screaming and panicking.)

 

 

The best reaction yesterday came from Giovanni, the operator of a document-destruction truck, who came by my office around 2:30. He was short, dark, hair moussed into a faux-Mohawk, funny lively eyes, and kept shaking my hand at the drop of a hat. I was showing him around the building and asked him if he'd felt the earthquake. He became very serious. “No suh!” he said. “When? I love that stuff. I watch the History Channel all the time, you know? And this stuff is history. Was there any damage?”

 

 

“Some,” I said. “Not much.”

 

 

“History,” he repeated solemnly.

 

 

History indeed. The earth moved, and we were all there, and we lived to tell the tale.

 

 

And tell it over, and over, and over again.

 

 

And isn't that the best kind of history?

 


 

Wednesday, July 13, 2011

Mount St. Helens

Mount-st-helens-before-after-spirit-lake-before_20384_600x450


The other evening, I was eavesdropping on the science program Partner was watching in the bedroom. “The biggest volcanic eruption in North America in a hundred years,” the narrator said. “It was once a perfect cone-shaped volcano.”

 

 

Ah. Yes. I know the one.

 

 

I grew up with Mount St. Helens almost always on the horizon. Our house was on the wrong side of the hill from it, but you didn't have to go far to get a pretty spectacular view of it. For most of my school years, it sat right outside my classroom window. St. Helens was perfect. It was always snow-capped (in the 1960s and 1970s it seldom lost much snow, even in the summer), and it had the most perfectly graceful shape.

 

 

The Native Americans (so I'm told) had a story about St. Helens and the other big volcanic peaks in the area. St. Helens was the daughter of Mount Rainier; she was fought over by two suitors, Mount Adams and Mount Hood. The fight was violent enough to destroy the Bridge of the Gods that spanned the Columbia River. (Evidently Mount Adams won, because Adams and St. Helens are right next to each other now, with Hood glaring at them from across the river.)

 

 

St. Helens was mostly invisible in the winter, hidden by clouds. In summer it was like a nice big scoop of ice cream on the horizon. It was refreshing to look at, and strangely demure.

 

 

And then one morning in 1980 Mount St. Helens went WHOOMP.

 

 

I'd been living in Rhode Island for a couple of years by that time, but I was in touch with my family. To be fair, everyone out there had lots of warning. My mother had told me that the whole mountain was swelling up; you could plainly see the huge lump in the side of the mountain from Interstate 5, thirty miles away. And if my mother could see it, it had to be pretty evident to everyone.

 

 

The authorities tried to evacuate the area. They really didn't foresee the real problem, though: huge floods and mudflows which swamped the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers, washing people away.

 

 

We never dreamed it’d blow up.

 

 

Now, thirty years later, when I visit my old hometown, I look northeast and see a sulky misshapen blue-white lump, half-hidden in mist, with a big bite taken out of one side.

 

 

The things we remember from childhood are all taken away from us, one by one.

 

 

Gautama was right: all things pass away.